How does Television broadcasting work

Television Broadcasting has major components involved in order to receive TV broadcasting at each of our home. They include an image source, a sound source, a transmitter, a receiver, a display device and a sound device.

  • Image Source: The image source can be a movie, TV show, news program, etc. The image source usually would have been recorded on camera or flying spot scanner
  • Sound Source: The sound source is the audio signal of the TV programming whether
    coming from a movie, TV show, news program, etc. It can come in any of the audio form like mono, stereo or even digitally processed surround sound.
  • Transmitter: A transmitter is what sends both audio and video signals over the air waves. Transmitters usually transmit more than one signal (TV channel) at a time.
  • Receiver: A receiver (TV set) is able to receive the transmitted signals (TV programs). It decodes the radio waves (Video + Audio signals) into useful signals that can be processed back into an image and sound.
  • Video Device: Usually it is a TV set; it would have the technology to turn the electrical signals received into visible light. Example:Cathode Ray tube in the TV.
  • Audio Device: The sound device are usually speakers either built into the TV set or that accompany the TV set to play audio along with the video images that the person is viewing. Sound device turns electrical signals into sound waves.

    • TV Broadcasting Signals

    The transmitter station broadcast TV signals including
    the video and audio signals over the air. They are usually free to be picked up
    by anyone using a TV set that has a receiver and an antenna. Antennas are used to
    grab as much signal as possible and to sometimes amplify the signal.  Each TV channel
    is transmitted on its own frequency which can be tuned in and received by your
    TV set.

    Television signals need bandwidth to carry both audio and video signals. Most Television signals have about 4MHz of bandwidth for the video portion, when you add on the sound portion of the
    signal the signal will have a total of about 6 MHz and each Television channel need a bandwidth
    of 6 MHz

    There are main three ways of TV broadcasting

    1. Broadcast TV: Here the audio and video signals transmitted over the air waves from a ground based transmitter. These signals are usually free to pick up and are on specific frequency spectrums.
    2. Satellite TV: Here it is usually a digital TV signal broadcasted from a satellite flying in space, orbiting the earth. They are not usually free services, require special equipment to receive
      programming and operate on special frequencies.
    3. Cable TV: It is pay TV services that send out signals not over the air, but through cable that runs from the cable company to the viewer’s home. There are many types of cables used from copper cable to fiber optic cable.

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