Television is one of the most amazing scientific inventions; Television works
with the help of human brain decoding skills along with the scientific
techniques of displaying motion picture. Brain has amazing capability of
interpreting fast moving individual images (frames) into one streamed video.
And also human brain can decode the sequence of dots (i.e. pixels) into a
single picture (i.e. frame). With the help of human brain’s decoding techniques
and the important device called CRT, Let us understand how a TV works.

Television receives the signals from the Television station in form of electromagnetic waves composite of three important signals in each wave. They are

• Intensity information (Beam intensity details as it paints the screen of the tv)
• Vertical retrace signals (Details of vertical retrace)
• Horizontal retrace signals (Details of horizontal retrace)

The important device on the television box is the Cathode
Ray tube (CRT).The received signals from Television station reach the CRT through wireless electromagnetic medium or via the antenna and the electrical wire from the antenna to the TV box.

Inside the TV box’s CRT, the cathode terminal, the heated
filament emits electrons the negative signals. Anode terminal attracts the
negative beam of electrons and accelerates them towards the screen. The screen
would be phosphor coated material to make the received rays glow in the
required color fashion. A phosphor is any material that, when exposed to
radiation (here it is the beam of electrons from the cathode terminal), emits visible
light. Thus the color dots (pixels) are painted on to the screen of
the TV.

Television screen is painted from left to right for
each line using interlaced scanning technique (explained
 in fig. Tv1.2) i.e. painting the screen from left to
right.  After completing printing of each pixels in one line, it moves quickly
to the left most start point of the next line to continue printing till the end
of the screen and this quick movement is called a ‘horizontal retrace’, (red
dotted lines in fig. Tv1.2) When it completes painting the entire
screen it quickly moves up to the top left corner to begin painting all over
again and this quick movement is called a ‘vertical retrace’ (Blue
line in fig. Tv1.2). Both these retraces
are very quick to realize, as the human brain would be already busy in
connecting the pixels painted into a meaningful image and then into a
meaningful video.

To describe simply how TV works, The television receives
wirelessly transmitted electromagnetic waves and converts them into acoustic
and light energy for viewing.

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